\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces \relax \fontsize {17.28}{22}\selectfont {Livingston Chart for hadrons: It shows the historical rise of beam energy with passing years. Energy of colliders is plotted in terms of the laboratory energy of particles colliding with a proton at rest to reach the same CoM energy.}}}{7}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2}{\ignorespaces \relax \fontsize {17.28}{22}\selectfont {Livingston Chart for leptons: same as above}}}{8}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3}{\ignorespaces \relax \fontsize {17.28}{22}\selectfont {Luminosity of Lepton Colliders as a function of CoM energy}}}{11}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4}{\ignorespaces \relax \fontsize {17.28}{22}\selectfont {Luminosity of Hadron Colliders as a function of CoM energy}}}{12}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5}{\ignorespaces \relax \fontsize {17.28}{22}\selectfont {Effective Energy of Colliders as a function of their total length}}}{15}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6}{\ignorespaces \relax \fontsize {17.28}{22}\selectfont {Neutrino radiation disk. For a 3 TeV CoM collider, the neutrino radiation width is $\approx $ 4 m at a distance of 30 km. A \textsl {hot spot} produced by a 0.1 m straight section in the ring contains roughly twice the number of neutrinos on the disk on average.}}}{20}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7}{\ignorespaces \relax \fontsize {17.28}{22}\selectfont {Various proposed high energy colliders compared with the FNAL and BNL sites. The energy in parentheses give for lepton colliders their CoM energies and for hadrons colliders the approximate range of CoM energies attainable for hard parton-parton collisions.}}}{25}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {8}{\ignorespaces \relax \fontsize {17.28}{22}\selectfont {Plan of a 3-TeV-CoM muon collider shown in the FNAL site as an example.}}}{26}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {9}{\ignorespaces \relax \fontsize {17.28}{22}\selectfont {Plan of a 0.1-TeV-CoM muon collider; only the outline of the proton source, recirculating accelerators and collider are at scale.}}}{27}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {10}{\ignorespaces \relax \fontsize {17.28}{22}\selectfont {Schematic view of pion production, capture and initial phase rotation. A pulse (1 ns long) of 16-30 GeV protons is incident on a skewed target inside a high-field solenoid followed by a capture, decay and phase rotation channel}}}{29}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {11}{\ignorespaces \relax \fontsize {17.28}{22}\selectfont {dE/dx curve in arbitrary units for low momentum tracks. The ionization energy loss is for tracks with 30 or more hits. From left to right the bands correspond to muons, pions, kaons, protons, deuterium respectively. Note the overlap of the near horizontal electron band with other species.}}}{30}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {12}{\ignorespaces \relax \fontsize {17.28}{22}\selectfont { 100 GeV CoM collider. Lattice structure of the IP including chromaticity corrections. $\beta _x$ (solid line), $\beta _y$ (dashed line) and dispersion (dotted line). The total module length is 85.32 m with a total bend angle of 1.3 rad }}}{35}
\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {13}{\ignorespaces \relax \fontsize {17.28}{22}\selectfont {Overview of a Neutrino Factory}}}{38}